PHP CRUD Operation Tutorial
May 06, 2021 . Admin
Hi Dev,
In this blog, In this tutorial you'll learn how to build a CRUD application with PHP and MySQL.
What is CRUDCRUD(Create, Read, Update, and Delete) is an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. CRUD operations are simply data manipulation for database.In this tutorial we'll create a simple PHP application to perform all these operations on a MySQL database table at one place.
Creating the Database TableExecute the following SQL query to create a table named employees inside your MySQL database. We will use this table for all of our future operations.
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
fullname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
salary INT(10) NOT NULL
);
Creating the Config File
Database Configuration config.php
<?php
/* Database credentials. Assuming you are running MySQL
server with default setting (user 'root' with no password) */
define('DB_SERVER', 'localhost');
define('DB_USERNAME', 'root');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'root');
define('DB_NAME', 'php_curd');
/* Attempt to connect to MySQL database */
$link = mysqli_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
// Check connection
if($link === false){
die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>
Create a file named "index.php" and put the following code in it:
index.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Dashboard</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip();
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="mt-5 mb-3 clearfix">
<h2 class="pull-left">Employees Details</h2>
<a href="create.php" class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i></a>
</div>
<?php
// Include config file
require_once "config.php";
// Attempt select query execution
$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees";
if($result = mysqli_query($link, $sql)){
if(mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0){
echo '<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">';
echo "<thead>";
echo "<tr class='bg-dark text-white'>";
echo "<th>#</th>";
echo "<th>FullName</th>";
echo "<th>Email</th>";
echo "<th>Salary</th>";
echo "<th width='22%'>Action</th>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "</thead>";
echo "<tbody>";
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)){
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>" . $row['id'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['fullname'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['email'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['salary'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>";
echo '<a href="show.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" class="mr-3 btn btn-success" title="View Record" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-eye"></span></a>';
echo '<a href="update.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" class="mr-3 btn btn-primary" title="Update Record" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-pencil"></span></a>';
echo '<a href="delete.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" title="Delete Record" class="mr-3 btn btn-danger" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-trash"></span></a>';
echo "</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</tbody>";
echo "</table>";
// Free result set
mysqli_free_result($result);
} else{
echo '<div class="alert alert-danger"><em>No records were found.</em></div>';
}
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
?>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Creating the Create Page
In this section we'll build the Create functionality of our CRUD application.
Now, Let's create a file named "create.php" and put the following code inside it. It will generate a web form that can be used to insert records in the employees table.
create.php
<?php
// Include config file
require_once "config.php";
// Define variables and initialize with empty values
$name = $email = $salary = "";
$name_err = $email_err = $salary_err = "";
// Processing form data when form is submitted
if($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"){
// Validate name
$input_name = trim($_POST["fullname"]);
if(empty($input_name)){
$name_err = "Please enter a name.";
} elseif(!filter_var($input_name, FILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXP, array("options"=>array("regexp"=>"/^[a-zA-Z\s]+$/")))){
$name_err = "Please enter a valid name.";
} else{
$name = $input_name;
}
// Validate address
$input_email = trim($_POST["email"]);
if(empty($input_email)){
$email_err = "Please enter an Email.";
} else{
$email = $input_email;
}
// Validate salary
$input_salary = trim($_POST["salary"]);
if(empty($input_salary)){
$salary_err = "Please enter the salary amount.";
} elseif(!ctype_digit($input_salary)){
$salary_err = "Please enter a positive integer value.";
} else{
$salary = $input_salary;
}
// Check input errors before inserting in database
if(empty($name_err) && empty($email_err) && empty($salary_err)){
// Prepare an insert statement
$sql = "INSERT INTO employees (fullname, email, salary) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){
// Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sss", $param_name, $param_email, $param_salary);
// Set parameters
$param_name = $name;
$param_email = $email;
$param_salary = $salary;
// Attempt to execute the prepared statement
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
// Records created successfully. Redirect to landing page
header("location: index.php");
exit();
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
}
// Close statement
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Create Record</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body class="bg-dark">
<div class="container mt-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-5 mx-auto">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header bg-warning">
<h2 class="">Create Record</h2>
</div>
<div class="card-body">
<p>Please fill this form and submit to add employee record to the database.</p>
<form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label>FullName</label>
<input type="text" name="fullname" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($name_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $name; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $name_err;?></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($email_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $email; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $email_err;?></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Salary</label>
<input type="text" name="salary" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($salary_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $salary; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $salary_err;?></span>
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit">
<a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary ml-2">Cancel</a>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Show Data
Now it's time to build the Read functionality of our CRUD application.
Now, Let's create a file named "show.php" and put the following code inside it. It will simply retrieve the records from the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.
show.php
<?php
// Check existence of id parameter before processing further
if(isset($_GET["id"]) && !empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){
// Include config file
require_once "config.php";
// Prepare a select statement
$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id = ?";
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){
// Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id);
// Set pg_parameter_status()
$param_id = trim($_GET["id"]);
// Attempt to execute the prepared statement
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
$result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt);
if(mysqli_num_rows($result) == 1){
/* Fetch result row as an associative array. Since the result set
contains only one row, we don't need to use while loop */
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
// Retrieve individual field value
$name = $row["fullname"];
$address = $row["email"];
$salary = $row["salary"];
} else{
// URL doesn't contain valid id parameter. Redirect to error page
header("location: error.php");
exit();
}
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
}
// Close statement
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
} else{
// URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page
header("location: error.php");
exit();
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>View Record</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1 class="mt-5 mb-3">View Record</h1>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th width="10%">FullName</th>
<td><?php echo $row["fullname"]; ?></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th width="10%">Email</th>
<td><?php echo $row["email"]; ?></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th width="10%">Salary</th>
<td><?php echo $row["salary"]; ?></td>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<p><a href="index.php" class="btn btn-primary">Back</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Creating the Update Page
Similarly, we can build the Update functionality of our CRUD application.
Now, Let's create a file named "update.php" and put the following code inside it. It will update the existing records in the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.
update.php
<?php
// Include config file
require_once "config.php";
// Define variables and initialize with empty values
$name = $email = $salary = "";
$name_err = $email_err = $salary_err = "";
// Processing form data when form is submitted
if(isset($_POST["id"]) && !empty($_POST["id"])){
// Get hidden input value
$id = $_POST["id"];
// Validate name
$input_name = trim($_POST["fullname"]);
if(empty($input_name)){
$name_err = "Please enter a name.";
} elseif(!filter_var($input_name, FILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXP, array("options"=>array("regexp"=>"/^[a-zA-Z\s]+$/")))){
$name_err = "Please enter a valid name.";
} else{
$name = $input_name;
}
// Validate address address
$input_email = trim($_POST["email"]);
if(empty($input_email)){
$email_err = "Please enter an Email.";
} else{
$email = $input_email;
}
// Validate salary
$input_salary = trim($_POST["salary"]);
if(empty($input_salary)){
$salary_err = "Please enter the salary amount.";
} elseif(!ctype_digit($input_salary)){
$salary_err = "Please enter a positive integer value.";
} else{
$salary = $input_salary;
}
// Check input errors before inserting in database
if(empty($name_err) && empty($email_err) && empty($salary_err)){
// Prepare an update statement
$sql = "UPDATE employees SET fullname=?, email=?, salary=? WHERE id=?";
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){
// Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sssi", $param_name, $param_email, $param_salary, $param_id);
// Set parameters
$param_name = $name;
$param_email = $email;
$param_salary = $salary;
$param_id = $id;
// Attempt to execute the prepared statement
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
// Records updated successfully. Redirect to landing page
header("location: index.php");
exit();
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
}
// Close statement
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
} else{
// Check existence of id parameter before processing further
if(isset($_GET["id"]) && !empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){
// Get URL parameter
$id = trim($_GET["id"]);
// Prepare a select statement
$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id = ?";
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){
// Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id);
// Set parameters
$param_id = $id;
// Attempt to execute the prepared statement
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
$result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt);
if(mysqli_num_rows($result) == 1){
/* Fetch result row as an associative array. Since the result set
contains only one row, we don't need to use while loop */
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);
// Retrieve individual field value
$name = $row["fullname"];
$email = $row["email"];
$salary = $row["salary"];
} else{
// URL doesn't contain valid id. Redirect to error page
header("location: error.php");
exit();
}
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
}
// Close statement
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
} else{
// URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page
header("location: error.php");
exit();
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Update Record</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body class="bg-dark">
<div class="container mt-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-5 mx-auto">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-header bg-warning">
<h2 class="">Update Record</h2>
</div>
<div class="card-body">
<p>Please edit the input values and submit to update the employee record.</p>
<form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars(basename($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])); ?>" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label>Name</label>
<input type="text" name="fullname" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($name_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $name; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $name_err;?></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($email_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $email; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $email_err;?></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Salary</label>
<input type="text" name="salary" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($salary_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $salary; ?>">
<span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $salary_err;?></span>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $id; ?>"/>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit">
<a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary ml-2">Cancel</a>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Creating the Delete Page
Finally, we will build the Delete functionality of our CRUD application.
Now, Let's create a file named "delete.php" and put the following code inside it. It will delete the existing records from the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.
delete.php
<?php
// Process delete operation after confirmation
if(isset($_POST["id"]) && !empty($_POST["id"])){
// Include config file
require_once "config.php";
// Prepare a delete statement
$sql = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = ?";
if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){
// Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id);
// Set parameters
$param_id = trim($_POST["id"]);
// Attempt to execute the prepared statement
if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
// Records deleted successfully. Redirect to landing page
header("location: index.php");
exit();
} else{
echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.";
}
}
// Close statement
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
// Close connection
mysqli_close($link);
} else{
// Check existence of id parameter
if(empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){
// URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page
header("location: error.php");
exit();
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Delete Record</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style>
.wrapper{
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h2 class="mt-5 mb-3">Delete Record</h2>
<form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" method="post">
<div class="alert alert-danger">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo trim($_GET["id"]); ?>"/>
<p>Are you sure you want to delete this employee record?</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="Yes" class="btn btn-danger">
<a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary">No</a>
</p>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Creating the Error Page
At the end, let's create one more file "error.php". This page will be displayed if request is invalid i.e. if id parameter is missing from the URL query string or it is not valid.
error.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Error</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style>
.wrapper{
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
</style>ss
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h2 class="mt-5 mb-3">Invalid Request</h2>
<div class="alert alert-danger">Sorry, you've made an invalid request. Please <a href="index.php" class="alert-link">go back</a> and try again.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
You will see layout as like bellow:
List Page
Add Page
Show Page
Update Page
I Hope It will help you..